Effects of Light Intensity on Seedling Emergence and Early Growth of Liquidambar formosana Hance

Liquidambar formosana Hance is a common deciduous broad-leaved tree known for its fast growth rate and adaptability. However, excessive logging has substantially reduced the area of natural forest patches L. formosana, seedling regeneration essential long-term continuation populations. To explore effects light intensity on emergence early controlled experiment was conducted under three light-intensity treatments (20%, 60%, 100% full sunlight, i.e., photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) were 223.93 ± 7.54, 670.94 30.14, 1119.61 23.19 μmol·m−2·s−1, respectively). The percentage, mean germination time, synchrony, vitality index, survival morphological characteristics, biomass allocation different intensities analyzed. index percentage significantly differed among lowest 20% intensity. With increased intensity, time synchrony then decreased, opposite true index. height, stem diameter, root length increased. total, root, stem, leaf biomasses reached maximum values sunlight. ratio increased, whereas biomass, root–shoot ratios decreased. Our results indicated that poor environment canopy not conducive to seedlings may be primary reasons low establishment.